托福阅读之托福中逻辑分析法-史慧欣

作者：新航道教师史慧欣

现在很多考托福的小伙伴已经开始做准备了，今天小编为大家带来一篇托福阅读之托福中逻辑分析法，希望可以对准备考雅思的同学学习和复习有所帮助!

托福阅读着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，所以考点的设置主要集中在逻辑。逻辑可以小到句内逻辑，到句间逻辑，到整个段落的分层。阅读常考的逻辑有：因果，举例，比较，转折，指代，并列，否定。因此做阅读题时应对策略是：

1.审题干：确定题型，找准定位词，题干有无明显逻辑→预判；

E.g. 修辞目的题→预判：考举例则逆向找中心，或考对比，或考因果；

E.g. 细节题，题干考because，则回归原文找显性/隐性的因果关系；

2. 读文章：句间逻辑，意群划分，段落结构；

句子的理解不可以脱离上下文，不能脱离整段的中心。一个段落先把握中心，同时利用句间逻辑关系帮助自己快速提取有用信息，关系更紧密或说讨论同一方面的部分看作一个意群，一个意群内部，会考细节，会考句内逻辑，会考句间逻辑关系；整个过程也是理解段落结构框架的过程。在阅读过程中，可根据对于审题的预判和逻辑关系去决定哪部分需要精读哪部分需要略读，同时能通过逻辑关系来预判上下文的意思。

E.g. 修辞目的题的举例部分一般作为略读内容；

E.g. 实验研究类的证据/研究过程部分可略读，一般考查研究结果及对结果的评价比较多；

3. 审选项：

常见逻辑错误：因果倒置，强加对比，强加关系，信息匹配错误。

以一道例题为例：

We know that times were hard in the increasingly arid landscapes of the Younger Dryas, but quite how hard remains unclear. The droughts certainly caused many ponds and rivers to disappear completely and the larger lakes to shrink in size. The people who lived in the south, in today’s deserts of the Negev and the Sinai, were most likely hit the hardest. They returned to a completely transient hunter-gatherer way of life, moving from place to place. Survival required improved hunting weapons: game (animals hunted for food) had become scarce, and consequently, success had become essential when a kill was possible. And so we see the invention of the Harif point, a new kind of arrowhead.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about why game became scarce during the Younger Dryas?

A.The development of new weapons in the south improved the Natufians’ hunting successes.

B.Human settlement in the south destroyed the resources that allowed game animals to survive.

C.Animals died or moved away as their sources of drinking water dried up.

D.Animals were scared away by the Natufians’ rapid movement from place to place.

解析：根据题型和定位词可以确定考查因果逻辑，回归原文定位，定位句为Survival required improved hunting weapons: game (animals hunted for food) had become scarce, and consequently, success had become essential when a kill was possible. 分析好这句话需要理解好冒号的作用，即为解释细节或原因，所以冒号前面为结果，则A选项的错误属于因果倒置；回归原文的前4行，都在讲环境恶化，属于一个意群，后文讲环境带来的影响或结果。所以这道题一者考查整段的结构逻辑把握，一者考查因果倒置的陷阱。固答案为C。

   　　雅思托福SAT需要学习得内容非常多，为帮助各位考生更深入的理解相关问题，石家庄新航道小编为准备参加雅思，托福，sat考试得考生整理了托福阅读之托福中逻辑分析法的复习资料，希望能对各位考研同学们有帮助。

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