如何在雅思阅读中的巧用‘转折逻辑’-黄亮

作者:新航道教师-黄亮

各位‘考鸭’大家好，今天想跟大家一起聊一聊‘转折逻辑’在雅思阅读中的应用。闲话少说，直接先来看一道题：

题目：The most probable development is that food will be grown on _____ in towns and cities .

原文：While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future , most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops .

这篇文章选自剑11 Test 1 的篇文章‘摩天大楼里的农作物种植’，很多同学看到题目的时间都能够猜出答案是一个地点类名词，所以当他们看到原文中有‘much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future’ 这样一个与题目相似度很高的句子时，会不假思索的填上skyscrapers 这个单词，而忽略了这句话的一个转折关系。

本句是一个while 引导的让步状语从句，译为‘虽然在未来我们的许多食物有可能种植在摩天大楼里，但是目前大部分认为简单的使用城市屋顶的可以用空间是更加有可能的一件事。’因此在未来最有可能的一种发展趋势是将农作物种植在城市的屋顶，而并非是摩天大楼内，所以答案为‘(urban) rooftop’

再来看一道雅思阅读中常考的题型：判断题。（选自OG – Test5 – Passage 2 Whale strandings ）

题目：There is now agreement amongst scientists that changes in the Earth’s magnetic fields contribute to whale strandings .

题目的大概意思是在说：科学家之间达成了共识，认为地球磁场的改变导致了鲸鱼的搁浅。根据Earth’s magnetic fields 这个专有名词我们定位到了答案出现在倒数第二段的这句话：

In 2005 , a survey by Klaus Vanselow and Klaus Ricklefs of sperm whale strandings in the North Sea even found a correlation between these and the sunspot cycle , and suggested that changes in the Earth’s magnetic field might be involved . But others are skeptical .

这段话的句说两位通过研究发现了地球磁场的改变可能与鲸鱼搁浅有关，但紧接着在第二句话里就出现了but 引导的转折结构，虽然不一定每个同学都知道skeptical是‘怀疑’的意思 ，但是but 后面的内容和前面的内容也不会是一致的。所以题目说‘科学家之间达成了共识’这个说法是错误的。

最后来看一道多数‘考鸭’比较抵触的选择题：

What is the write doing in paragraph C?    ( C8 – T2-P3 嗅觉的意义和力量)

A . supporting other research           B . making a proposal

C . rejecting a common belief           D . describing limitations 

本题的定位词很明显‘paragraph C ’, 很多同学感觉这个定位词没有太多的价值。是不是需要把C段整个看完呢？其实细心的同学发现本段出现了两处转折关系，我们赶紧来了解一下：

In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities. 

本段首先提出了人们的一个误区‘认为人的嗅觉并不重要，因为和动物的嗅觉相比，人类的的嗅觉实在是太不发达了’，但紧接着就又出现了一个转折结构，为人类的嗅觉平反，说‘我们的嗅觉其实非常的敏锐，可以识别几千种气味，即使量极小也可以感知到’由此可以得知作者对于传统观点是不同意的，故而答案为C ‘反驳了一个传统观点’。

通过以上三道例题，我们不难发现，文章中有转折关系的地方，特别容易作为出题点，出现在填空题，判断题或选择题中。所以我们首先要知道英文中哪些词表示转折关系，然后在阅读时要有意识的关注一下这类词。

1) but :  Ants can't digest the cellulose in leaves— but some fungi can. The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests, bringing them leaves to feed on, and then use them as a source of food. （C7-T3-P1 蚂蚁的智慧 – 对应填空题第7题）

2) however : Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded. However, this does not mean that in future they will be ignored. （C7-T3-P3 欧洲的森林问题 – 对应判断题第28题）

3) while : While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. （C7-T1-P3 潜意识教学法 – 对应填空题39,40）

4) though / although : Although forest fires do not affect all of Europe to the same extent, the amount of damage caused the experts to propose as the third resolution that the Strasbourg conference consider the establishment of a European databank on the subject. （C7-T3-P3 欧洲的森林问题 – 对应配对题第36题）

5) yet : The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed, though it levelled a number of buildings in the neighbourhood. （ C7 – T2-P1 日本宝塔不倒之谜- 对应判断题第2题）

今天的阅读小技巧就跟大家分享到这里，希望对大家的阅读速度和正确率有所帮助哦。

以上就是如何在雅思阅读中的巧用‘转折逻辑’，更多雅思学习相关资讯请关注邯郸新航道雅思学习频道。

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