雅思词汇之植物

今天我们来学习和植物相关的词汇。
1. foliage /'fəʊlɪɪdʒ/
n．(植物的)叶，枝叶
e.g. Foliage varies with the seasons.
剑15: The tree of thickly branched with dense foliage of tough, dark green oval leaves and produce small, yellow, bell-shaped flowers and pale yellow pear-shaped fruits.
foliage：不可数；通常指植物上的所有叶子的总称
leaf: 可数
2. wither
v. (花朵、植物)枯萎，凋谢
e.g. The plants withered and died.
e.g.Farmers have watched their crops wither because of drought conditions.
也可以用作比喻：衰弱;凋敝；
如：经济;工业衰落
e.g. Industries unable to modernize have been left to wither. 
如：人年轻不再,身体衰弱
e.g. When he went into retirement, he visibly withered.
习语补充：wither on the 'vine 逐渐消亡；凋谢
e.g. He used to be so ambitious, but his ambition seems to have withered on the vine.
3. pollen /'pɒlən/
n. 花粉；
e.g. The pollen record shows that this plant was never common on the island.
v. pollinate 授粉；传粉
e.g. The flowers are pollinated by insects.
e.g. For instance, with its pollen bee colonies can pollinate other plants and keep them reproducing.
补充：reproduce 繁殖
n. pollination 授粉
e.g. artificial pollination  人工授粉
e.g. Pollination is one of the most important, biological processes on our planet.
4. bark /bɑːk/
n. 树皮
e.g. She compared the barks of various trees.
e.g. Its leaves and bark were used for herbal remedies and while its branches were used for charcoal for cooking and heating and its trunk was used to build houses.
v. 大声嚷；吼叫；厉声叫喊
搭配：bark at sb.
e.g. The captain barked at the crew.
习语补充：
1. barking up the wrong tree 走错了方向；白费力气
e.g. If you are looking for money, you're barking up the wrong tree.
2. Your bark is worse than your bite 刀子嘴;豆腐心
e.g. Don't get upset if the boss yells at you. His bark is worse than his bite.